The accord opens a historic opportunity to end the conflict between the sudanese government and the. Former national minister of cabinet affairs of the sudan. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa in january 2005 by the gos and sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma had little impact. Apart from an 11year period from 19721983, southern sudan has been at war continuously since 1956. Chapeau of the comprehensive peace agreement whereas the government of the republic of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementsudan peoples liberation army splma. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa in nairobi on january 9, 2005 was described as a historic moment of great. This article illustrates that, in contrast to many cases, the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, which was signed in 2005 between the government of sudan. Those negotiations culminated in the january 9, 2005 signing of the comprehensive peace agreement, or cpa. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes download select language.
A comprehensive peace agreement for sudan, as envisioned in the sudan peace act 50 u. This was followed by the protocols on security and the humanitarian situation, both signed in the nigerian capital abuja in november 2004, and the declaration of principles, signed in may 2005. The countersigning of the agreement by president kiir is being widely, reported by news media. This is the full text of the proposal entitled principles of agreement on abyei, presented by us special envoy senator john danforth to h. Pdf after the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan. This agreement was signed in january 2005 between the government of sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement splm and ended a war that had spanned more than two decades. Government of the republic of sudangovernment of sudan. Sudan since the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement.
Included are updates and amendments to previous protocols. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service some accounts, the tgnu and the peace agreement on which it was based have collapsed, and reports suggest that both sides may be preparing for a return to fullscale war. The civil war was finally ended when the splasplm and the government of sudan signed the comprehensive peace agreement cpa on january 9, 2005, mediated by the intergovernment authority on development igad, a regional organization of which sudan is a member. Moreover, the people of south sudan and eritrea had a similar political development under the colonial rule during the 1970s, in. The comprehensive peace agreement is a collection of agreements agreed to december 31, 2004 and signed, in a formal ceremony, on january 9, 2005. The crisis in darfur and status of the northsouth peace agreement congressional research service 1 recent developments south sudan and abyei referenda in january 2011, south sudan held a peaceful and transparent referendum on southern secession or unity, as called for in the comprehensive peace agreement cpa. The government of national unity shall implement an information campaign throughout sudan in all national languages in sudan to popularize the peace agreement, and to foster national unity, reconciliation and mutual understanding. Agreement is this peace agreement signed on april 21st 1997, between the sudan government on the one hand and the udsf, splm, ssig and edf on the other. Addis ababa agreement on the problem of south sudan summary. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the republic of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement. Hailing the successful conclusion of the negotiations between the two states on several critical issues, relating to outstanding comprehensive peace agreement 2005 commitments and post.
This agreement was brokered by the eritrean government. President of the coordinating council refers to the person appointed by the president of the republic of. Moreover, the people of south sudan and eritrea had a similar political development under the colonial rule during the 1970s, in which both countries were. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of. Government in sudan after the peace agreement of 2005. The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the. A peace agreement for sudan was signed in nairobi on january 9, 2005. The cpa was meant to end the second sudanese civil war, develop democratic governance countrywide, and share. A summary of the comprehensive peace agreement conciliation. The war that the government of sudan and the sudans.
Feb 12, 2016 kiir and machar are former rebel leaders who rose to power during sudans 19832005 civil war between north and south, after which south sudan seceded in 2011 to form the worlds youngest country. Significantly, it also granted southern sudan semiautonomous status and stipulated that a referendum on independence for. However, many issues related to ethnic polarisation, intercommunal tensions and. The document contains some provisions for reconciliation and healing.
Other articles where comprehensive peace agreement is discussed. Machakos protocol, igad secretariat on peace in the sudan. Wassara phd1 introduction the sudan is a vast and varied country in terms of its geography and people, defining its social and political relations from the colonial era through independence. The region was administered under the constitution for southern sudan, promulgated in december 2005, as well as the countrys national interim constitution, promulgated in july 2005. Case study about urban land allocation in upper nile and south kordofan states yasir awad abdalla eltahir phd. The comprehensive peace agreement sudan 2005 download here.
Mindful of the urgent need to bring peace, security and stability to the people of sudan and south sudan who have endured conflict for decades. Committed to achieving enduring peace and stability in the republic of south sudan. Evaluating sudans comprehensive peace agreement 2005, uppsala. This is the comprehensive peace agreement signed between the parties under the auspices of igad in 2005. Accepting the immediate need to bring an end to the tragic conflict ongoing in the republic of south sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and. This agreement delineates the powers between the central government of sudan and the regional government of south sudan. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government. Dec 20, 2011 saf sudan armed forces national army of the government of sudan in june 2002, the splma and the gos began negotiations to end sudans second civil war. While the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement brought new hope for southern sudan, many barriers remain to the agreements successful implementation three years onas recently illustrated by. More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two. Unlike the comprehensive peace agreement, the darfur peace agreement, and the doha document for peace in darfur, the espa had little international clout or support.
Comprehensive peace agreement opened an opportunity to turn the devastation of more than 20 years of the most recent stage of the longer civil war into a new era of peace and prosperity. The proposed compromise peace agreement cpaii for south sudan. Jan 09, 2005 after nearly three years of negotiations, sudan s government and main rebel group sunday have signed comprehensive peace accords to end more than 21 years of civil war. After the comprehensive peace agreement in sudan on jstor. The draft resolution, which was obtained by fp, deplored south sudans failure to reach a peace agreement with machar by an aug. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government of. Sudans constitution of 2005 subsequently amended historical. Sudans new oil wealth currently producing about 320,000 barrels a day is to be split equally between north and south. The signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was. Jan 09, 2005 this is the comprehensive peace agreement signed between the parties under the auspices of igad in 2005.
But peace in southern sudan remains fragile, with governance and rule of law structures in need of strengthening sudan s comprehensive peace agreement. In respect of the southern sudan, there shall be a government of southern sudan goss, as per the borders of 1156, which shall consist of. What factors contributed to the failure of the addis ababa. But peace in southern sudan remains fragile, with governance and rule of law structures in need of strengthening sudans comprehensive peace agreement. This agreement has made the sudan the focus of peace research during the last few. Saf sudan armed forces national army of the government of sudan in june 2002, the splma and the gos began negotiations to end sudans second civil war. Abuja agreement 2006 the 2006 darfur peace agreement, also known as the abuja agreement, was signed on may 5, 2006 by the government of sudan headed by omar albashir along with a faction of the sla led by minni minnawi. In the context of ongoing conflict, donor governments, including the united states, may. Acronyms cfa ceasefire agreement ddr disarmament, demobilization and reintegration dop declaration of principles espa eastern sudan peace agreement esrdf eastern sudan reconstruction and development fund gos government of sudan hjmc higher military committee idps internally displaced persons inc interim national constitution jmcr joint military committee for reintegration. Protocol between the government of sudan and the sudan. After a long process of peace negotiations the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on 9 january 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movement. Aug 26, 2015 the draft resolution, which was obtained by fp, deplored south sudans failure to reach a peace agreement with machar by an aug. After nearly three years of negotiations, sudans government and main rebel group sunday have signed comprehensive peace accords to end more than 21 years of civil war. Pdf after a long process of peace negotiations the comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on 9 january 2005 between the government of.
For all but 11 of the 48 years since its independence in 1956, sudan has been. The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the new. Compromise peace agreement signed in south sudan the art. For research purposes, we maintain the documents which have been previously agreeed to in our digital collection, although many of these have been. Sudan closest to civil war since 2005 peace agreement warns. The crisis in darfur and status of the northsouth peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. However, the agreement was rejected by two other, smaller groups, the justice and equality movement jem and a rival faction of the sla led by.
Comprehensive peace agreement, january 9 2005 south. Other political parties which participated in the addis ababa june 2014 symposium on igadled peace talks for south sudan entitled, towards sustainable peace in south sudan, and as identified in the agreement to resolve the crisis in south sudan, 9 may 2014, and choosing to adhere to this agreement shall collectively choose their. Jan 09, 2015 sudan s ali osman mohamed taha and sudan peoples liberation movement leader john garang laugh before the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in kenyas capital nairobi, january 9, 2005. The united nations mission in the republic of south sudan. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the. The 9 january signing of the comprehensive peace agreement between the government of the sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movement was a historic moment of great opportunity for the. Sudans ali osman mohamed taha and sudan peoples liberation movement leader john garang laugh before the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement in. Constitutional history provided for by the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa that ended the longrunning civil war between the north and the south. The challenges of sustaining peace and transforming sudan the national islamic front nif is too deformed to be reformed by dr. Peace by piece addressing sudans conflicts accord issue 18. Institutional developments and political trends in focus areas samson s.
Sudan comprehensive peace agreement peace accords matrix. Governance and social action in sudan after the peace. Congratulations to all south sudanese on the signing of the compromise peace agreement by both riek machar and salva kiir. Pdf the comprehensive peace agreement and the dynamics of. The government of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma on the resolution of abyei conflict naivasha, kenya may 26th, 2004 1. Sudan closest to civil war since 2005 peace agreement. However, the agreement was rejected by two other, smaller groups, the justice and equality movement jem and a rival faction of the sla led by abdul wahid al nur. Power sharing signed at naivasha, kenya on 26th may, 2004 part iii. The eastern sudan peace agreement espa between the sudan government and the eastern front was signed in october 2006. Eprs peace agreement in south sudan members research service page 3 of 8 context in december 20, political and ethnic tension in twoyear old south sudan erupted in a violent civil war.
Chapeau of the comprehensive peace agreement whereas the government of the republic of the sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movement sudan peoples liberation army splma. Peace and conflict assessment of south sudan 2012 5 executive summary this report is an assessment of peace, conflict and peacebuilding in south sudan, conducted between june 2011 and march 2012. It analyses how local, national and international dynamics around independence in july 2011 and the end of the sixandahalfyear formal comprehensive. And i believe that the current problem between the north and south sudan was the failure of the addis ababa peace agreement. Comprehensive peace agreement sudan 2005 britannica. Since gaining its independence in 1956, sudan has been among the african countries which have. South sudans peace deal may not be worth the paper its. The wartorn region of darfur is used as evidence for the great challenges to human security and human rights. Kiir and machar are former rebel leaders who rose to power during sudans 19832005 civil war between north and south, after which south sudan. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes. Central thesis before the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa can be implemented in sudan, four important conditions must be met.
The 2006 darfur peace agreement, also known as the abuja agreement, was signed on may 5, 2006 by the government of sudan headed by omar albashir along with a faction of the sla led by minni minnawi. My prayers are that this will be a significant step in bringing lasting peace to the people. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan. The helsinki peace deal strengthens the autonomy granted to aceh in a 2001 agreement with the government and gives the province several special rights and privileges. With only days before south sudan is due to secede on 9 july, sudan is the closest to war that it has been since the signing of the comprehensive peace agreement cpa between north and south sudan in january 2005, said a global coalition of ngos. Protocol between the government of sudan and the sudan people. After a long process of peace negotiations, which started only three years after the outbreak of the second civil war in sudan in 1983, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed on january 9, 2005 between the government of sudan gos and the. The signing of the cpa in january 2005 raised the hopes and promise of a new era in the sudan. A sixyear interim period dated from 9 july 2005 is established during which the southern sudanese will have the right to govern affairs in their region and participate equitably in the national government. Hopes rise for south sudan peace deal south sudan the. The cpa incorporated several previous negotiations and agreements signed in machakos and.